The theoretical model revealing the nature of cyclic processes in economy is constructed on the basis of the specified treatment of the interphase recurrence property concept. According to it, the directions of anti-cyclic management taking into account the contents and features of course of each phase of a business cycle are revealed. The author's concept of a state policy of regulation of economic development taking into account its phase is offered.

The problems of the Russia’s debt management are revealed. Evolution of the public debts’ problem of the Russian Federation including the question of its interaction with private debts is discussed. Risks in debt sphere are analyzed. Specific features of the Russian economy such as the dependence on world energy prices, low efficiency of public expenditures, rapid growth of internal public debts and external quasi-sovereign and private debts are defined. Principles of debt management and areas of improvement in the system of Russia’s debt management were defined.

The ways of increasing the effectiveness of self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers are discussed. Particular attention is given to the creation of indicators and the results of approbation-rated activities of self-regulatory organizations. Reliability rating groups of activities of self-regulatory organizations are defined.

The influence of macroeconomic factors and company characteristics on the financial decisions (financing sources, a choice of model of optimum financing) are considered. The economic policy of state allows to understand made decisions the company concerning the capital structure. The given work allows to draw certain conclusions on why the Russian companies, in a greater degree, adhere to the pecking order theory. On analogies to the public companies, the state in the field of a debt policy also adheres to the pecking order theory.

The overview of current scientific literature on one of the key aspects of the development of the energy sector is presented, it is the increase of the efficiency of energy systems. The ability of cogeneration and trigeneration systems to increase energy efficiency of power stations, supermarkets, shopping centers, airports, etc. was demonstrated. In addition, it was shown that these systems have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The examples of polygeneration systems and ways to optimize them by improving techno-economic parameters were also demonstrated.

The nature of innovation cluster and its distinction from regional cluster on base of leading cluster theories’ analysis is explained. Foreign and Russian models of forming innovation clusters’ description is presented. Types of Russian innovation clusters with their appropriate problems and disadvantages are analyzed in comparison with international experience. Tendencies of innovation clusterization policy in states as an effective method of managing economy are underlined.