Artificial Intelligence adoption: Drivers and barriers to development

The article explores the challenges to Russia’s economic security caused by the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of digital transformation and global technological competition. The purpose of the study is to identify the most significant threats to the country’s economic security in the context of the popularisation of AI technologies and propose measures aimed at addressing them, taking into account the current situation. To achieve this goal, the authors analysed the dynamics of the Russian AI market, its structure by industry and growth rates, as well as the main external and internal risks associated with the use of AI technologies. Special attention is paid to the trends in the development of the AI market, cyber threats, economic and cyber espionage, proliferation of deepfakes, and problems of technological dependence on foreign suppliers and sanctions pressure. Internal challenges include staff shortages, polarisation of digitalisation in industries, concentration of resources in large companies, and lack of regulatory oversight. It is shown that these factors significantly limit the development potential of the domestic AI market and create prerequisites for economic and technological vulnerability in the country. The article suggests measures to minimise threats, including the development of domestic solutions, decentralisation of resources, annual monitoring of digital maturity and digital literacy in industries, the use of various mechanisms to support small and medium-sized businesses depending on the industry affiliation and the role of a company in a particular market. It also proposes improvement of the regulatory framework, relaxation of regulations, and provision of comfortable working conditions for IT specialists in Russia, as well as training of qualified personnel. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a comprehensive approach to ensuring Russia’s economic security in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence. The results obtained can be applied both in the practical activities of organisations using AI technologies and in the activities of government authorities to develop strategic and other policy documents for the development of the AI market.

1. Akaev A.A., Devezas T.K., Korablyov V.V., Sarygulov A.I. (2024). Critical technologies and prospects for Russia’s development under economic and technological constraint. Terra Economicus, 22(2): 6-21. (In Russ.)

2. Balashov A.A. (2023). The development of artificial intelligence: Threats and opportunities for Russia’s economic security. International Scientific Research Journal, 10(136). DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2023.136.56. (In Russ.)

3. Balashov A.A. (2024). Conceptual foundations of the use of artificial intelligence to assess the level of economic security of the state. Digital Modeling of the Economy, 1: 74-79. (In Russ.)

4. Barakin B.S., Shailieva M.M. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in strengthening economic security: From theory to practical application. Human. Society. Inclusion, 4(56): 64-71. (In Russ.)

5. Borovkov A.I., Rozhdestvensky O.I., Pavlova E.I. (2024). Analysis of the market for simulation process and data management systems (SPDM Systems) within the ‘Technet’ NTI Program. Expert-Analytical Report. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Politechnical University. (In Russ.)

6. Varavva M.Y. (2023). The personnel gap: The scale and factors of the shortage of IT personnel in Russia. Bulletin of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 4: 171-180. (In Russ.)

7. Danchenko A.S. (2024). Trends and prospects for the development of the digital economy in ensuring the economic security of the country. Original Research, 14(3): 247-252. (In Russ.)

8. Dyatlova A.F., Svirina M.V. (2024). Artificial intelligence technologies in the field of economic security. Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2: 227-232. DOI: 10.24412/2073-0454-2024-2-227-232. (In Russ.)

9. Elin K.M., Usova N.V., Loginov M.P. (2024). Artificial intelligence technologies in the digital model of the national economy. AlterEconomics, 21(4): 723-747. DOI: 10.31063/AlterEconomics/2024.21-4.5. (In Russ.)

10. Ibragimov N.M., Dushenin A.I. (2021). Uneven development of the spatial economy of the Russian Federation and differentiation of growth factors. The World of Economics and Management, 21(2): 5-29. (In Russ.)

11. Artificial Intelligence in Russia: Development and Application (2025). Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics. (In Russ.)

12. Kondrashov P.E., Petrunin Yu.Y., Popova S.S. (2025). Regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence: Problems and directions of development. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series: Management (State and Society), 1: 3-19. (In Russ.)

13. Larionova M.V. (2024). Problems of regulation of digital platforms: Difficulties and opportunities for international cooperation. Bulletin of International Organizations: Education, Science, New Economy, 19(2): 4. (In Russ.)

14. Mamontova S.V. (2022). Economic and information security in the digital economy. Region: Systems, Economics, Management, 4(59): 145-153. DOI: 10.22394/1997-4469-2022-59-4-145-153. (In Russ.)

15. Mankovsky E.R. (2023). Prospects for the impact of artificial intelligence on the economic security of the state. Fundamental and Applied Research of the Cooperative Sector of the Economy, 3: 140-146. DOI: 10.37984/2076-9288-2023-3-140-146. (In Russ.)

16. Matyushkina I.A., Seregina M.Yu. (2023). Digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Economics. Sociology. Law, 2(30): 19-25. DOI: 10.22281/2542-1697-2023-02-02-19-25. (In Russ.)

17. Obukhova A.S., Piyaltsev A.I. (2021). Digital shadow economy: A threat to economic security. Proceedings of the Southwestern State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management, 11(1): 82-89. (In Russ.)

18. Romanova I.N. (2021). Introduction of artificial intelligence technologies: Analysis of probable risks and possible threats. Materials of the Ivanov Readings, 4(35): 15-18.

19. Smorodina E.P., Sidnev M.D., Reushenko A.A., Smorodin M.A. (2024). The role and development of artificial intelligence in ensuring Russia’s economic security. Digital and Endustry Economics, 3(35): 121-128.

20. Tulunbasova N.A. (2024). The impact of economic espionage on the Internet on the economic security and development of national economies (The experience of the USA and China). Economic Bulletin of ICS RAS, 5(1): 3-11. DOI: 10.25728/econbull.2024.1.1-tulunbasova.

21. Gashi S., Imaralieva T., Abdykadyrov S. (2024). Research on the impact of artificial intelligence on financial security in the context of modern technological challenges. Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 8(13).