公司创业研究的阶段划分

公司创业概念已从组织研究中的边缘议题发展为一个独立的研究领域，并整合了战略管理、创业研究和组织理论的相关视角。尽管该领域已积累了五十年的研究成果，其术语体系仍呈碎片化状态，且尚缺乏具有理论基础的阶段划分。本文旨在弥补这一研究空白。基于拉卡托斯的科学研究纲领方法论和惠特利的科学领域智力组织理论，本文提出公司创业研究发展的四阶段划分：萌芽与概念形成（20世纪70年代至80年代初）；术语争论与操作化（20世纪80年代中期至90年代）；战略整合（2000年代）；制度化与情境化（2010年代至今）。每一阶段均从其“硬核”假设、核心研究问题、代表性文献以及向下一阶段转变的原因加以描述。该阶段划分不仅有助于解释公司创业研究的演进历程，也有助于揭示研究纲领转换的内在逻辑：为什么该领域长期围绕定义展开争论，为什么战略创业概念迅速得到广泛接受，以及为什么当前阶段的研究重点转向情境问题。本文提出三项核心观点：第一，各阶段之间的转换并非渐进发生，而是伴随着基本假设的变化；第二，该领域系统性地借鉴相邻学科的理论，却很少检验这些理论在原始情境之外的适用性；第三，当前阶段的主要任务不是扩大研究的地域范围，而是重新审视理论构念本身，因为这些构念中所嵌入的假设主要形成于美国的制度情境，并不具有普遍适用性。最后，本文在考虑制度情境和行业特点的基础上，提出了国有企业和资源开采行业中公司创业的未来研究方向。

1. Широкова Г.В., Сарычева В.А., Благов Е.Ю., Куликов А.В. (2009). Внутрифирменное предпринимательство: подходы к исследованию феномена. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия: Менеджмент, (1): 3–31.

2. Широкова Г.В., Соколова Л.С. (2013). Формирование предпринимательской ориентации в российских фирмах малого и среднего бизнеса: роль институциональной среды. Российский журнал менеджмента, 11(2): 25–50.

3. Barney J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99–120.

4. Birkinshaw J. (1997). Entrepreneurship in Multinational Corporations: The Characteristics of Subsidiary Initiatives. Strategic Management Journal, 18(3): 207–229.

5. Bruton G.D., Ahlstrom D., Li H.L. (2010). Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3): 421–440.

6. Bruton G.D., Peng M.W., Ahlstrom D., Stan C., Xu K. (2015). State-Owned Enterprises around the World as Hybrid Organizations. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(1): 92–114.

7. Burgelman R.A. (1983). A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(2): 223–244.

8. Chandler A.D. (1977). The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

9. Corbett A., Covin J.G., O’Connor G.C., Tucci C.L. (2013). Corporate Entrepreneurship: State-of-the-Art Research and a Future Research Agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5): 812–820.

10. Covin J.G., Slevin D.P. (1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1): 75–87.

11. Floyd S.W., Wooldridge B. (1992). Middle Management Involvement in Strategy and Its Association with Strategic Type. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S1): 153–167.

12. Girma Aragaw Z., Haag K., Baù M. (2025). Contextualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 37(1–2): 1–37.

13. Glinyanova M., Bouncken R.B., Tiberius V., Cuenca Ballester A.C. (2021). Five Decades of Corporate Entrepreneurship Research: Measuring and Mapping the Field. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4): 1731–1757.

14. Guth W.D., Ginsberg A. (1990). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Corporate Entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 11(Summer Special Issue): 5–15.

15. Ireland R.D., Covin J.G., Kuratko D.F. (2009). Conceptualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship Strategy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1): 19–46.

16. Ireland R.D., Hitt M.A., Sirmon D.G. (2003). A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(6): 963–989.

17. Kuratko D.F. (2017). Corporate Entrepreneurship 2.0: Research Development and Future Directions. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 13(6): 441–490.

18. Kuratko D.F., Hornsby J.S., Covin J.G. (2014). Diagnosing a Firm’s Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship. Business Horizons, 57(1): 37–47.

19. Lakatos I. (1970). Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. In: Lakatos I., Musgrave A. (eds.). Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 91–196.

20. Musacchio A., Lazzarini S.G. (2014). Reinventing State Capitalism: Leviathan in Business, Brazil and Beyond. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

21. Nambisan S. (2017). Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6): 1029–1055.

22. Peterson R.A., Berger D.G. (1971). Entrepreneurship in Organizations: Evidence from the Popular Music Industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16(1): 97–106.

23. Pinchot G. (1985). Intrapreneuring: Why You Don’t Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur. New York, Harper & Row.

24. Teece D.J., Pisano G., Shuen A. (1997). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509–533.

25. Urbano D., Turro A., Wright M., Zahra S. (2022). Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. Small Business Economics, 59(4): 1541–1565.

26. Weiblen T., Chesbrough H.W. (2015). Engaging with Startups to Enhance Corporate Innovation. California Management Review, 57(2): 66–90.

27. Welter F. (2011). Contextualizing Entrepreneurship – Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1): 165–184.

28. Whitley R. (2000). The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

29. Zahra S.A. (1991). Predictors and Financial Outcomes of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(4): 259–285.