工业区域中作为能源效率管理工具的分布式发电工业系统

将电网与基于天然气消费的小型分布式发电技术相结合，是提高电力系统可靠性和能源效率的关键创新方向之一。 大型能源消费者与分布式发电系统的同步运行构成了电力系统的新元素。该元素即工业微电网，与传统工业用电消费者相比，具备独特的电力系统运行模式管理能力。 本研究的目的是在电力和天然气市场条件下，制定在工业区使用微电网的理论和方法。对小型分布式发电使用趋势的分析表明，基于可再生能源的分布式能源在所有国家中并不都是经济上可行的。 例如，在俄罗斯，使用以天然气为燃料的分布式能源是最为切合实际的。研究在批发和零售电力市场上采购电力以及向区域供应商和商品交易所采购天然气的定价原则表明，管理能源需求波动可以显著影响工业企业和大型能源消费者所用的电力和天然气价格。 工业企业和小型分布式发电系统作为统一能源综合体的一部分，同时从统一能源系统消耗电力，通过分布式发电系统向企业内部网络和外部能源系统网络发电，并同时通过工业企业的燃气系统和分布式发电系统消耗天然气。在统一的主动能源综合管理系统框架内，同步工业企业与小型分布式发电系统的运行，可以降低企业能源资源采购的综合成本，提高设备的能源供应效率和可靠性。本文提出了影响主动能源综合体电力和天然气消费需求的因素体系，并开发了一种在与工业企业电力和天然气消费需求管理技术相结合的条件下，对主动能源综合体进行综合管理的模型。 所开发的主动能源综合体管理算法能够考虑主动能源综合体内电力和天然气需求变化的相互影响、电力和天然气市场的价格因素、工业企业内部负荷调节的限制要求、统一能源系统和统一供气系统的外部系统限制，以及满足主动能源综合体外部用户电力需求的可能性。研究结果可以在俄罗斯和全球工业企业开发、实施和管理主动能源综合体的过程中使用。

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