工业企业数字化转型指数构建和解释的概念性方面

本文的重点是工业企业数字化转型评估指数的形成、构建、测量和动态跟踪问题。 本文分析了三个指数的组合特征、优势和局限性，这些指数在工业数字化转型或数字成熟度水平的行业比较（至少是大类行业）方面具有相当好的聚焦度，并且已经编制了至少几年时间：麦肯锡全球研究院的《工业数字化指数》、世界经济论坛的《智慧产业准备指数》、和高等经济学院的《经济和社会领域行业数字化指数》。 本文的主要论点是有必要开发一个统一的、连续的且与俄罗斯实践相关的工业企业数字化转型指数，同时借鉴国际和俄罗斯项目中研究分析团队在数字化评估指数的概念和方法开发方面积累的所有积极经验。同时，作者指出，应避免基于滞后的统计数据进行回顾性指数构建和仅关注已成熟的数字技术。非常重要的是在测量工业企业数字化转型水平的方法中纳入战略性方向。 简单地将数字技术应用指标进行粗略分组并称之为某些指数或子指数作为数字化转型的主要标志是不够的。从统计学的角度来看，这种方法可能是完全正确、可靠且可验证的。然而，这引发了一个关于在商业模式演变，特别是在工业领域背景下，分组技术的生产潜力的问题。在构建任何数字成熟度、数字化和数字化转型的指数和评估方法时，最好面对某些前沿技术潜力中不可避免的不确定性，尝试预测技术因素与未来商业模式新领域的交汇。采用这种方法，工业企业的数字化转型指数获得了前瞻性和工具性功能，因为它们在某种意义上成为了路线图。这些指数有助于提升各行业和工业部门公司及其利益相关者、协会、政府机构（尤其是负责数字化和工业政策的机构）在实现更高阶段数字成熟度方面的战略视野。

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