出口企业发展的决定因素：对其异质影响的综合分析

该文章致力于分析出口企业发展领域的现有趋势。研究的主要目标是确定不同国家出口活动的成果水平与一系列制度性和其他因素的潜在关联。文章提供了简要的理论综述和文献计量分析，重点强调了出口企业发展的前景方向，并确定了影响其效益的关键因素。为了实现研究目标，研究了一些数据，包括货物出口时间、注册新企业的程序数量、国家信用评级、人均国内生产总值（GDP）、自然资源租金在GDP中的比重、政府机构效率、城市人口占总人口的比例以及平均受教育年限。这些参数的数据收集时间为2006年至2020年。为了分析选定决定因素的影响性质，对 135 个不同收入水平的国家进行了抽样调查。统计数据的处理使用了 EViews 13 和 Stata/MP 14.2 软件产品。在第一阶段，通过一系列计量经济学测试，对面板数据进行了多重共线性、变量的平稳性以及它们的协整性检验。然后，为了评估变量之间的长期显著关系，应用了完全修改的最小二乘法（FMOLS）和动态最小二乘法（DOLS）。因此，形成了一组影响出口企业发展的重要因素，这些因素包括制度性和其他因素。所得到的结果有助于更加深入地为促进出口企业发展而采取的措施提供论据。

1. Алехин Б.И. (2021). Человеческий капитал и рост региональных экономик. Пространственная экономика, 17(2): 57–80. https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.2.057-080.

2. Баринова В.А., Земцов С.П., Царева Ю.В. (2018). Предпринимательство и институты: есть ли связь на региональном уровне России? Вопросы экономики, 6: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-6-92-116.

3. Земцов С.П., Царева Ю.В. (2018). Предпринимательская активность в регионах России: насколько пространственные и временные эффекты детерминируют развитие малого бизнеса. Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации, 1(37): 145–165. https://doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2018-37-1-6.

4. Колодняя Г.В., Королева И.В., Брижак О.В. (2022). Инновационная среда для бизнеса: проблемы формирования в современной России. М., КноРус.

5. Кравченко С.И. (2024). Управление талантами в организации в условиях цифровой экономики: картографирование ландшафта исследований. РИСК: Ресурсы, Информация, Снабжение, Конкуренция, 1: 150–157. https://doi.org/10.56584/1560-8816-2024-1-150-157.

6. Кравченко С.И., Богачев С.В. (2023). Имитационные стратегии в предпринимательской деятельности: библиометрический анализ. Стратегические решения и риск-менеджмент, 14(1): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.17747/2618-947X-2023-1-40-47.

7. Кравченко С.И., Дементьев В.В. (2023). Влияние железнодорожного транспорта на социально-экономическое развитие территорий. Пространственная экономика, 19(2): 47–69. https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.2.047-069.

8. Линдер Н.В. (2020). Влияние экспортной деятельности на инновационные режимы в промышленности развивающихся стран. Инновационное развитие экономики, 3(57): 26–32.

9. An J., Mikhaylov A., Richter U.H. (2020). Trade war effects: Еvidence from sectors of energy and resources in Africa. Heliyon, 6(12): e05693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05693.

10. Aparicio S., Urbano D., Audretsch D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102: 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.04.006.

11. Cao S., Bryceson K., Hine D. (2019). An Ontology-based Bayesian network modelling for supply chain risk propagation. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 119(8): 1691–1711. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-01-2019-0032.

12. Demirer R., Jategaonkar S.P., Khalifa A.A.A. (2015). Oil price risk exposure and the cross-section of stock returns: The case of net exporting countries. Energy Economics, 49: 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.02.010.

13. Djankov S., Freund C., Pham C.S. (2010). Trading on time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1): 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.2009.11498.

14. Fernandes A., Freund C., Pierola M. (2016). Exporter behavior, country size and stage of development: Evidence from the exporter dynamics database. Journal of Development Economics, 119: 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.10.007.

15. Fernández-Mesa A., Alegre J. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and export intensity: Examining the interplay of organizational learning and innovation. International Business Review, 24(1): 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.004.

16. Forslid R., Okubo T., Ulltveit-Moe K.H. (2018). Why are firms that export cleaner? International trade, abatement and environmental emissions. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 91: 166–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2018.07.006.

17. Grace D. (2015). Food safety in low and middle income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9): 10490–10507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910490.

18. Hamadeh N., Rompaey C., Metreau E. (2023). World Bank Group country classifications by income level for FY 24 (July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024). https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-world-bank-group-country-classifications-income-level-fy24.

19. Ibeh K.I.N. (2003). Toward a contingency framework of export entrepreneurship: Conceptualisations and empirical evidence. Small Business Economics, 20(1): 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020244404241.

20. Ibeh K.I.N., Young S. (2001). Exporting as an entrepreneurial act – Аn empirical study of Nigerian firms. European Journal of Marketing, 35(5): 566–586. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560110388114.

21. Kaufmann D., Kraay A. (2023). Worldwide governance indicators, 2023 Update. www.govindicators.org.

22. Keilhacker M.L., Minner S. (2017). Supply chain risk management for critical commodities: A system dynamics model for the case of the rare earth elements. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 125: 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.05.004.

23. Klapper L., Amit R., Guill’en M. (2010). Entrepreneurship and firm formation across countries. In: Lerner J., Schoar A. (еds.). In international differences in entrepreneurship. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 129–158.

24. Kuivalainen O., Sundqvist S., Servais P. (2007). Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. Journal of World Business, 42(3): 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.010.

25. Kwilinski A., Lyulyov O., Pimonenko T. (2023). Environmental sustainability within attaining sustainable development goals: The role of digitalization and the transport sector. Sustainability, 15: 11282. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411282.

26. Li W. (2019). Time barrier to trade: Data on 190 economies’ export and import time, 2005–2018. Data in Brief, 22: 508–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.054.

27. Lin B., Chen Y., Zhang G. (2018). Impact of technological progress on China’s textile industry and future energy saving potential forecast. Energy, 161: 859–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.178.

28. Lin D., Foster D.P., Ungar L.H. (2011). VIF regression: А fast regression algorithm for large data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 106(493): 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10113.

29. Muhammad S.A., Chelliah S. (2024). Organisational innovation, competitive advantage, and export performance. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 35(2): 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2024.136471.

30. Munemo J. (2022a). Export entrepreneurship promotion: The role of regulation-induced time delays and institutions. International Review of Economics and Finance, 77: 262–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.10.009.

31. Munemo J. (2022b). The effect of regulation-driven trade barriers and governance quality on export entrepreneurship. Regulation and Governance, 16(4): 1119–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12384.

32. Navarro-García A. (2016). Drivers of export entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 25(1): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.05.007.

33. Navarro-García A., Arenas-Gaitan J., Rondan-Cataluna F.J. (2015a). Personal and firm drivers of export entrepreneurship. In: Handbook of Research on Global Competitive Advantage through Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8348-8.ch023.

34. Navarro-García A., Schmidt A.C.M., Rey-Moreno M. (2015b). Antecedents and consequences of export entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 68(7): 1532–1538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.047.

35. Nielsen G. (2014). Determinants of cross-national entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Politics and Society, 25(2): 46–72. https://doi.org/10.7916/D889154V.

36. O’Brien R.M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 41(5): 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.

37. Pedroni P. (2018). Panel cointegration techniques and open challenges. Panel Data Econometrics, 1 (Theory). https://web.williams.edu/Economics/wp/Pedroni_PanelCointegration.pdf.

38. Qu S., Liang S., Konar M., Zhu Z., Chiu A.S.F., Jia X., Xu M. (2018). Virtual water scarcity risk to the global trade system. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(2): 673–683. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04309.

39. Raipuria K.M. (1978). Anatomy of export entrepreneurship in India: Development task ahead. Foreign Trade Review, 13(3): 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0015732515780308.

40. Santhosh C. (2020). What affects the export entrepreneurship of SMEs? Review of International Business and Strategy, 30(2): 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-06-2019-0086.

41. Santhosh C. (2023). Export entrepreneurship and SMEs: Determinants and performance. International Trade Journal, 37(3): 344–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2021.1963888.

42. Trachuk A., Linder N. (2018). Learning-by-exporting effects on innovative performance: Empiric study results. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 16(2): 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1439675.